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The Audi Quattro is a road and rally car, produced by the German automobile manufacturer Audi, now part of the Volkswagen Group. It was first shown at the 1980 Geneva Motor Show on 3 March.[1][3]

The word quattro is derived from the Italian word for "four". The name has also been used by Audi to refer to the quattro four-wheel-drive system, or any four-wheel-drive version of an Audi model. To avoid confusion, the original Quattro model is also commonly referred to as the Ur-Quattro - the "Ur-" (German for "primordial", "original", or "first of its kind") is an augmentative prefix, in this case meaning "original", and is also applied to the first generation Audi S4 and Audi S6 models, as in "Ur-S4" and "Ur-S6" and was known for its legendary sound

The Audi Quattro was the first rally car to take advantage of the then-recently changed rules which allowed the use of four-wheel drive in competition racing. It won competition after competition for the next two years.[1] To commemorate the success of the original vehicle, all subsequent Audis with their trademark quattro four-wheel-drive system were badged "quattro" with a lower case "q" and in a distinct typeface which has remained nearly unchanged since its inception. The original car with the upper case "Q" in the Quattro name is a collector's piece.

The Audi Quattro shared many parts and core body components with the Audi Coupé, which was a member of the Audi 80 (B2) model range.[1] The Quattro was internally designated Typ 85, a production code it shared with the quattro versions of the Audi Coupé (B2) and Audi 80. Its characteristic flared wheelarches were styled by Martin Smith. The Audi Quattro also had independent rear suspension and independent front suspension.
Quattro (meaning four in Italian) is the name used by Audi AG to indicate that all-wheel drive (AWD) technologies or systems are used on specific models of the Audi automobiles.[1]

The word "quattro" is a registered trademark of Audi AG, a subsidiary of the German automotive concern, Volkswagen Group.[1]

Quattro was first introduced in 1980 on the permanent four wheel drive Audi Quattro (often referred to as the Ur-Quattro - "Ur-" being German for "ancient" or "great" as in "great-grandfather"). The term quattro has since been applied to all subsequent Audi AWD models. Due to the nomenclature rights derived from the trademark, the word quattro is now always spelled with a lower case "q", in honour of its former namesake.

Other companies in the Volkswagen Group have used different trademarks for their AWD vehicles. While Audi has always used the term "quattro", Volkswagen-branded cars initially used "syncro", but more recently, VW uses "4motion". Škoda simply uses the nomenclature "4x4" after the model name, whereas SEAT uses merely "4". None of the above trademarks or nomenclatures defines the operation or type of 4WD system, as detailed below.
quattro generation VI

Audi debuted the 6th generation of quattro in the 2010 RS5. The key change in generation VI is the replacement of the Torsen Type "C" centre differential with an Audi-developed "Crown Gear" differential. With the new "Crown Gear" center differential, up to 70% of the torque can be applied to the front wheels while up to 85% can be applied to the rear wheels if necessary. The net result of this advance in quattro is the ability of the vehicle electronics to fully manage the vehicle dynamics in all traction situations, whether in cornering, acceleration or braking or in any combination of these.
BorgWarner

The Audi Q7, the platform-mate of the Volkswagen Touareg and Porsche Cayenne, does not use the same underpinnings of either previous model. BorgWarner instead provides the 4WD system for this more off-road appropriate SUV. A Torsen Type 3 (T3) differential is used.

4motion - Volkswagen branded four wheel drive system.
4Matic - a four wheel drive system from Mercedes-Benz
All-Trac - a four wheel drive system from Toyota
ATTESA - a four wheel drive system from Nissan
S-AWC - a torque vectoring all-wheel drive system from Mitsubishi Motors
SH-AWD - a torque vectoring all-wheel drive system from Honda
BMW xDrive - a four wheel drive system from BMW
Four-wheel drive - a history of all-wheel drive in passenger cars

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quattro_%28four-wheel-drive_system%29